| 联合国:成立国际货币 取代美元独大地位 | |
http://www.chinareviewnews.com 2009-03-26 09:20:03 |
中评社香港3月26日电/诺贝尔经济学奖得主史提葛里兹和中国社科院经济学家余永定等专家学者,在联合国邀集下组成独立委员会,订26日发表报告,呼吁另立新的全球准备货币,取代目前美元独大的地位,解决单一准备货币带来的问题。
联合报报道,根据这份报告的纲要,专家认为美元目前在全球货币系统中的独霸地位,导致全球失衡。若要解决此问题,就是成立一个“新的全球准备系统”。此系统可以是扩大特别提款权(SDR),也可以由国际货币基金(IMF)来成立一个新的国际货币。 专家表示,单一国家准备系统的危害众所皆知,美国不断累积债务,打击市场信心和稳定。不过他们也认为,就算实施两、三个国家准备系统,一样也不稳定;目前似有朝此方向发展的趋势。 二次大战后美元就一直是全球的准备货币。原油等主要商品以美元计价,全球企业也以美元往来,主要工业国家的央行偏好以美元作为对抗危机的准备货币。然而,由于美国大量增加美元供给以处理金融风暴,导致以美元计价的资产价值锐减,美国几个最大债权国对资产价值剧贬颇有微词。 联合国专家小组指出,新的全球准备系统可行,不会出现通货膨胀,而且容易实施,甚至能减轻因贸易失衡造成的问题。 20国集团(G20)高峰会议订下周在伦敦开会,由于中国和俄国等新兴国家纷纷表达对美元的不满,新的准备货币系统势必成为会议焦点之一。 俄罗斯上周表示,将在下周的G20峰会上提案成立一个新的全球准备货币。该国并表示已得到中国、巴西、印度和南韩等国的支持。 中国人民银行(央行)行长周小川23日也发表专文,建议国际社会创造一种“超主权储备货币”。 他也特别提议IMF于1965年创设的SDR,可担任此角色。 IMF表示,建议成立单一全球货币的呼声愈来愈大,凸显全球对金融体系稳定的疑虑。但美元的地位不可能在一夕间瓦解。许多经济学家比喻,美元就像微软的视窗作业系统,虽饱受争议,但由于使用范围太广,一时仍难以取代。 储备货币美元让位 奥巴马:没必要 中国人民银行行长周小川23日呼吁,以新的国际储备货币取代美元作为国际间通用货币。美国总统奥巴马、美国联邦准备理事会主席柏南克和财政部长盖纳不约而同表示反对。 奥巴马总统24日晚在白宫的电视记者会上对此表示:“我不认为有新设全球货币的需要。”柏南克和财长盖纳24日亦在国会中表示,他们不会让美元作为国际通用货币的地位受到挑战。
奥巴马表示,目前美元非常强大,这是对美国经济展望有足够的信心,因为投资人认为政治最稳定的美国是世界上最强大的经济体。 一位国会议员在听证会上问道:“中国建议,不用美元作为国际储备货币。你们会明确拒绝此想法吗?”盖纳立即答道:“我肯定拒绝。”该国会议员又向柏南克问道:“主席呢?”柏南克答道:“我也拒绝接受。” 欧盟经济与货币事务执行委员艾穆尼亚(Joaquin Almunia)说:“中国和其他新兴国家在国际经济上扮演更重要的角色,但我不预期美元作为国际储备货币的角色会有任何结构上的变更。” 艾穆尼亚说:“我认为大家都同意周小川的想法,就是要加强国际货币基金(IMF)的角色。但大家也同意,美元作为国际储备货币还会持续一段时间。” IMF:中国新提案需严肃看待 中国提议以新的国际储备货币取代美元,尽管美国官方一致反对,但国际货币基金(IMF)第一副总裁李普斯基表示,虽然这个构想短期内不易实现,却是一个必须严肃看待的想法,值得各界认真研究。 李普斯基表示,周小川的提议反映中共官方对全球金融体系稳定性的严重关切,“这很重要,不仅因为中国地位独特,也因为中共央行行长表达的方式非常有节制。” IMF表示,建议成立单一全球货币的呼声愈来愈大,凸显全球对金融体系稳定的疑虑。但美元的地位不可能在一夕间瓦解。许多经济学家比喻,美元就像微软的视窗作业系统,虽饱受争议,但由于使用范围太广,一时仍难以取代。 20国集团(G20)高峰会议订下周在伦敦举行,由于中共和俄国等新兴国家纷纷表达对美元的不满,新的储备货币系统势必成为会议焦点之一。 专家表示,美国不断累积债务,打击市场信心和稳定。不过他们也认为,就算实施两、三个国家储备系统,一样也不稳定;目前似有朝此方向发展的趋势。 债务如山 美元还能强劲?
北京挑战美元地位,倡议以“超主权准备货币”取代美元;欧巴马总统24日在记者会斩钉截铁说,“无此必要”,强调美元此刻“非常强劲”。 温家宝总理自“二会”后,已二度对美金融风暴危及中国利益表示关切,央行行长周小川提议以IMF“特别提款权”(SDR)取代美元地位,以“不受个别国家政策影响”,适足反映北京的忧虑;拥有二万亿美元外汇及七千亿美债的中国,对奥巴马政府动辄以千亿、上兆美元“印钞票”式救市大手笔,很难不坐立难安。 理论上货币反映一国实力,奥巴马政府继承前政府逾一万亿美元赤字又大胆提出三点六万亿美元预算,欲将美国改头换面,却又碰上70年来最坏的经济衰退,被迫投入救市纾困款已达数兆元;奥巴马政府评估未来十年赤字达七万亿元,国会估计逾九万亿元;这些创美国开国纪录的如山债务,如何使美元“始终”保持“非常强劲”? 联准会主席柏南基与财政部长盖特纳同日在国会作证时也强力捍卫美元,同声“坚定拒绝”周小川提议;作为金融权威官员,他们是将美国利益超越对专业的认知。 美元地位可能一时难取代,但并不意味永不动摇。北京与莫斯科在G20峰会前不约而同提出以SDR取代美元,有其深意。 UN Panel To Call For Global Currency Reserve, Ousting US Dlr
By Riva Froymovich Of DOW JONES NEWSWIRES NEW YORK (Dow Jones)--A panel of independent experts convened by the United Nations will recommend this week the creation of a new global unit to replace the U.S. dollar as the world reserve currency. The report comes ahead of the Group of 20 summit of industrial and developing nations in London next week, and as emerging market powerhouses including China and Russia have expressed increasing frustration over their dependence on the U.S. currency. The U.S. dollar, however, has yet to weaken versus its most widely traded rivals on these reports. Tuesday afternoon in New York, the euro was down at $1.3514 from $1.3645 late Monday, while the dollar was up at Y98.20 from Y96.91. The dollar has been the world's reserve currency since the end of World War II. Major commodities, namely oil, are priced in the greenback, and global companies do business in dollars, leading wealthy central banks to prefer to hold dollars to protect against crisis. But, as the U.S. manages the effects of the global financial meltdown by expanding its monetary supply and weakening the value of dollar-denominated assets, some of the U.S.'s largest creditors have grown unhappy as the value of their reserves decline. The U.N. panel likely will point out that the problems stemming from the dollar's dominance have been long coming. In a list of recommendations published ahead of the final report, the U.N. commission explains that the dollar's dominant status has led to a system of global imbalances. They say the answer is "a new global reserve system." This would be "a greatly expanded" special drawing rights, or an international currency created by the International Monetary Fund. "The dangers of a single-country reserve system have long been recognized, as the accumulation of debt undermines confidence and stability," according to the draft document made public March 19. It adds that even a two- or three-country reserve system that the world seems to be heading to may be equally unstable. "The new Global Reserve System is feasible, non-inflationary, and could be easily implemented, including in ways which mitigate the difficulties caused by asymmetric adjustment between surplus and deficit countries." A more detailed report is expected to be released Thursday, March 26, on the second day of a three-day conference entitled "Interactive thematic dialogue on the world financial and economic crisis and its impact on development." The expert commission, which is independent of the U.N., is chaired by Joseph Stiglitz, university professor at Columbia University in New York and Nobel Prize winner in Economic Sciences. Other members include Youssef Boutros-Ghali, Egypt's minister of finance and chair of the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors of the IMF; and Robert Johnson, former chief economist of the U.S. Senate Banking Committee and former managing director at Soros Fund Management. Members from China and Russia don't currently hold government seats. Andrei Bougrov, formerly the principal resident representative of Russia for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, is managing director and member of the board of directors of Interros Co. Yu Yongding was previously a member of the monetary policy committee at the People's Bank of China and now serves as director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Reuters first reported on the U.N. report last week after commission member Avinash Persaud, chairman of Intelligence Capital Ltd. in London and former head of global research at State Street Corp. (STT), spoke about it at a Reuters Funds Summit in Luxembourg. |